8. Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception based on whether the Company has the right to control the use of an identified asset, the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset. After the criteria are satisfied, the Company accounts for these arrangements as leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, including payments at commencement that depend on an index or rate. For leases in which the Company is the lessee do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, an incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at the lease commencement date, is utilized to determine the present value of lease payments. When a secured borrowing rate is not readily available, unsecured borrowing rates are adjusted for the effects of collateral to determine the incremental borrowing rate. The Company uses the implicit rate for agreements in which it is a lessor. The Company has not entered into any material agreements in which it is a lessor. Lease expense and lease income are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases.

In April of 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease for office space. The lease has a 10-year lease term with an additional abatement period of 23 months. The Company’s secured borrowing rate of 15% was used to determine the present value of lease payments and establish the right-of-use asset and lease liability at lease inception for this lease.

In July of 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease for office space in Scotland. The lease has a term of 5 years with two options to extend. Management is reasonably certain to exercise the first option to extend the lease. The Company’s secured borrowing rate of 15% was used to determine the present value of the lease payments and establish the right-of-use asset and lease liability at lease inception for this lease.

In August of 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease for office space in Norway. The lease has a term of 5 years. The Company’s secured borrowing rate of 15% was used to determine the present value of the lease payments and establish the right-of-use asset and lease liability at lease inception for this lease.

The Company’s other operating leases include its current office and manufacturing facility and leases for certain office equipment.

The following table presents the Company’s lease costs which are included in general and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:

Cash paid for operating leases was $357,985 and $241,819 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, respectively.

The following table presents the balance and classifications of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities included in the unaudited condensed balance sheets:

For operating lease assets and liabilities, the weighted average remaining lease term was 10.5years and 2.2 years as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The weighted average discount rate used in the valuation over the remaining lease terms was 14.2% as of September 30, 2023, and 7.9% as of December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the Company’s maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023: